Cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp., con potencial bioprotector sobre Lasiodiplodia theobromae y de efecto bioestimulante en plantones de palto var. Hass, en condición de vivero, Cañete
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Date
2026-11-13
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Universidad Nacional de Cañete
Abstract
El palto (Persea americana) var. Hass, es afectado por hongos de madera como Lasiodiplodia theobromae, asociado a la “muerte regresiva”. Es por ello que se hace evidente la necesidad de implementar propuestas sustentables que permitan disminuir la dependencia de fungicidas convencionales. En este contexto, las cepas nativas del hongo cosmopolita Trichoderma spp. representan una opción promisoria por su acción bioprotectora frente a patógenos y su efecto bioestimulante como inductor de desarrollo vegetal. Para cumplir el objetivo de esta investigación se evaluó cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. (BP1A3, BP1C3A, BP1C3B, CHCV3, GM1, NOR043, PIUCH2A, PIUCH4A, PSNM, SPH1), comparadas con un grupo comercial (Trichoderma harzianum) y un testigo, aplicadas vía drench a una concentración de 1 × 10⁸ conidios/gr. Se analizaron cuatro variables: (i) porcentaje de control de lesión en tallos inoculados con L. theobromae; (ii) conductancia estomática en hojas; (iii) contenido hídrico relativo en raíces; y (iv) contenido nutricional foliar. Los resultados alcanzados mostraron divergencias considerables entre tratamientos. En la variable control de lesión, destacaron las cepas NOR043 y SPH1, que redujeron de manera significativa el avance del patógeno en los tallos. En la conductancia estomática, las cepas PIUCH4A y SPH1 promoviendo un mejor intercambio gaseoso, evidenciando un efecto bioestimulante. En el contenido hídrico relativo, destacaron T. harzianum y PIUCH4A lo que contribuye a una mayor capacidad de retención hídrica en raíces. Finalmente, en el contenido nutricional foliar, nuevamente las cepas NOR043 y SPH1 mostraron un efecto positivo, reflejado en mayores niveles de nutrientes esenciales. Por ello, que se confirma que las cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. no solo poseen un efecto bioprotector frente a L. theobromae, sino también un impacto bioestimulante sobre variables fisiológicas y nutricionales en plantones de palto var. Hass. En definitiva, este estudio confirma el potencial de Trichoderma spp. como un elemento biotecnológico eficaz dentro del manejo integrado en viveros, favoreciendo prácticas de producción más sostenible..
The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between tourism promotion and environmental sustainability in tourism-related enterprises located in the Lomas de San Marcos de la Aguada during the year 2023. This study emerged in response to the limited promotion of the destination and the lack of attention given to this natural resource, factors that have contributed to low tourist inflow, ecosystem deterioration, and a low level of environmental awareness among the local population. The study adopted a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a descriptive–correlational scope. The sample consisted of 100 entrepreneurs and workers from the tourism sector, selected to analyze their perceptions regarding the study variables. Data were collected through a Likert-type questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Rho). The general hypothesis proposed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between tourism promotion and the environmental sustainability of the destination. The findings revealed an extremely weak correlation coefficient between the two variables, accompanied by significance levels higher than 0.05, indicating the absence of a statistically significant relationship between tourism promotion and environmental sustainability in the study area. These results demonstrate that the promotional strategies implemented have not been linked to conservation practices or environmental education processes, thereby limiting their impact on ecosystem protection and the sustainable management of the destination.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between tourism promotion and environmental sustainability in tourism-related enterprises located in the Lomas de San Marcos de la Aguada during the year 2023. This study emerged in response to the limited promotion of the destination and the lack of attention given to this natural resource, factors that have contributed to low tourist inflow, ecosystem deterioration, and a low level of environmental awareness among the local population. The study adopted a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a descriptive–correlational scope. The sample consisted of 100 entrepreneurs and workers from the tourism sector, selected to analyze their perceptions regarding the study variables. Data were collected through a Likert-type questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Rho). The general hypothesis proposed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between tourism promotion and the environmental sustainability of the destination. The findings revealed an extremely weak correlation coefficient between the two variables, accompanied by significance levels higher than 0.05, indicating the absence of a statistically significant relationship between tourism promotion and environmental sustainability in the study area. These results demonstrate that the promotional strategies implemented have not been linked to conservation practices or environmental education processes, thereby limiting their impact on ecosystem protection and the sustainable management of the destination.
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Keywords
Biocontrol, muerte regresiva, estimulación fisiológica, conductancia estomática, contenido hídrico relativo, disponibilidad de nutrientes.
Citation
Pérez Requena Adrián Matias, “Cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp., con potencial bioprotector sobre Lasiodiplodia theobromae y de efecto bioestimulante en plantones de palto var. Hass, en condición de vivero, Cañete” , Tesis para optar el grado de Ingeniero Agronomo, Escuela de pregrado. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cañete. Cañete - Perú