Compatibilidad de cepas de Trichoderma con agroquímicos convencionales empleados en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) en Cañete
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Date
2026-05-15
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Universidad Nacional de Cañete
Abstract
El género Trichoderma ha sido ampliamente estudiado por su eficacia como agente de control biológico, debido a su capacidad para combatir a diversos patógenos fitosanitarios y promover el crecimiento vegetal. No obstante, su uso conjunto con agroquímicos convencionales puede comprometer su efectividad, especialmente si existe incompatibilidad entre el hongo benéfico y el producto químico aplicado. En este contexto, el presente estudio evaluó la compatibilidad de seis cepas de Trichoderma con agroquímicos convencionales utilizados en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) en el valle de Cañete. Se analizaron insecticidas, acaricidas, fungicidas, herbicida y fertilizantes sintéticos bajo un diseño DCA (diseño completamente al azar) con arreglo factorial. Las variables medidas fueron: tasa de crecimiento micelial, porcentaje de crecimiento, porcentaje de inhibición micelial y compatibilidad. Se aplicaron pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y comparaciones de medias (a = 0.05). Los resultados mostraron una variabilidad significativa en la compatibilidad según la cepa y el tipo de agroquímico. Insecticidas como Imidacloprid, Fipronil y Emamectin Benzoato fueron altamente compatibles, mientras que Abamectina presentó baja compatibilidad con T. harzianum cepa TH-C. En fungicidas, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil y Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole inhibieron totalmente el crecimiento de todas las cepas. El herbicida Glifosato también mostró incompatibilidad total. En contraste, la mayoría de fertilizantes evaluados fueron compatibles, salvo el fertilizante a base de calcio, que mostró efectos variables según la cepa. Se concluye que la compatibilidad de Trichoderma con agroquímicos depende del ingrediente activo y la cepa específica, lo cual afecta su desarrollo y eficacia como agente de biocontrol. Por tanto, es esencial realizar pruebas previas antes de su uso conjunto en programas de manejo integrado en fresa.
The genus Trichoderma has been widely studied for its effectiveness as a biological control agent, due to its ability to combat various plant pathogens and promote plant growth. However, its combined use with conventional agrochemicals may compromise its effectiveness, especially if there is incompatibility between the beneficial fungus and the applied chemical product. In this context, the present study evaluated the compatibility of six Trichoderma strains with conventional agrochemicals used in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) cultivation in the Cañete Valley. Insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicide, and synthetic fertilizers were analyzed under a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement. The variables measured were: mycelial growth rate, growth percentage, mycelial inhibition percentage, and compatibility. Kruskal-Wallis tests and mean comparisons (a = 0.05) were applied. The results showed significant variability in compatibility depending on the strain and type of agrochemical. Insecticides such as Imidacloprid, Fipronil, and Emamectin Benzoate were highly compatible, while Abamectin showed low compatibility with T. harzianum strain TH-C. Among fungicides, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, and Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole completely inhibited the growth of all strains. The herbicide Glyphosate also showed total incompatibility. In contrast, most fertilizers tested were compatible, except for the calcium-based fertilizer, which showed variable effects depending on the strain. It is concluded that the compatibility of Trichoderma with agrochemicals depends on the active ingredient and the specific strain, which affects its development and efficacy as a biocontrol agent. Therefore, it is essential to conduct prior tests before their combined use in integrated strawberry management programs.
The genus Trichoderma has been widely studied for its effectiveness as a biological control agent, due to its ability to combat various plant pathogens and promote plant growth. However, its combined use with conventional agrochemicals may compromise its effectiveness, especially if there is incompatibility between the beneficial fungus and the applied chemical product. In this context, the present study evaluated the compatibility of six Trichoderma strains with conventional agrochemicals used in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) cultivation in the Cañete Valley. Insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicide, and synthetic fertilizers were analyzed under a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement. The variables measured were: mycelial growth rate, growth percentage, mycelial inhibition percentage, and compatibility. Kruskal-Wallis tests and mean comparisons (a = 0.05) were applied. The results showed significant variability in compatibility depending on the strain and type of agrochemical. Insecticides such as Imidacloprid, Fipronil, and Emamectin Benzoate were highly compatible, while Abamectin showed low compatibility with T. harzianum strain TH-C. Among fungicides, Fludioxonil, Cyprodinil, and Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole completely inhibited the growth of all strains. The herbicide Glyphosate also showed total incompatibility. In contrast, most fertilizers tested were compatible, except for the calcium-based fertilizer, which showed variable effects depending on the strain. It is concluded that the compatibility of Trichoderma with agrochemicals depends on the active ingredient and the specific strain, which affects its development and efficacy as a biocontrol agent. Therefore, it is essential to conduct prior tests before their combined use in integrated strawberry management programs.
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Keywords
Hongo antagonista., compatibilidad, inhibición micelial, Fragaria x ananassa, fertilizantes, plaguicidas
Citation
Rojas Manrique Carlos Antonio, "Compatibilidad de cepas de Trichoderma con agroquímicos convencionales empleados en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) en Cañete”, , Tesis para optar el grado de Ingeniero Agronomo, Escuela de pregrado. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cañete. Cañete - Perú