Normas CND para el diagnóstico nutricional del cultivo de camote (Ipomoea batatas L.) en la provincia de Cañete, Lima – Perú
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Date
2026-09-24
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Universidad Nacional de Cañete
Abstract
El camote (Ipomoea batatas L.) constituye un cultivo de gran importancia económica y alimentaria en la provincia de Cañete; sin embargo, las variaciones en su productividad evidencian la necesidad de optimizar el manejo nutricional. En este contexto, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer normas de Diagnóstico Nutricional Composicional (CND) para el cultivo de camote en la provincia de Cañete, Lima, mediante la generación de una base de datos foliar, el desarrollo de normas nutricionales específicas y la evaluación del estado nutricional del cultivo. El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo aplicada y alcance descriptivo, con diseño no experimental de corte transversal. El procesamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó mediante los programas Microsoft Excel y SPSS versión 27. Se analizaron 160 muestras foliares procedentes de parcelas comerciales, las cuales fueron depuradas mediante la distancia de Mahalanobis y clasificadas según su rendimiento para identificar la población de referencia utilizada en la construcción de las normas CND. Los resultados permitieron establecer una población de alto rendimiento conformada por 23 muestras con producciones iguales o superiores a 23,923 t ha⁻¹. Asimismo, el análisis de los índices CND y del Potencial de Respuesta a la Fertilización (PRA) evidenció que el nitrógeno (N), cobre (Cu) y zinc (Zn) constituyen los principales nutrientes limitantes del cultivo al presentar condiciones de deficiencia, mientras que fósforo (P), potasio (K), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), azufre (S), sodio (Na), manganeso (Mn) e hierro (Fe) mostraron un estado de equilibrio nutricional; por su parte, cloro (Cl) y boro (B) registraron tendencia al exceso. Se concluye que las normas CND desarrolladas constituyen una referencia nutricional local confiable para el diagnóstico del cultivo de camote en Cañete, permitiendo identificar desequilibrios nutricionales y orientar estrategias de fertilización más precisas, eficientes y sostenibles para mejorar la productividad agrícola..
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a crop of considerable economic and food importance in the province of Cañete; however, variations in productivity highlight the need to improve nutrient management practices. In this context, the present study aimed to establish Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) norms for sweet potato cultivation in Cañete, Lima, through the generation of a foliar database, the development of site-specific nutritional standards, and the assessment of the crop nutritional status. The research followed a quantitative approach, with an applied and descriptive scope under a non-experimental cross-sectional design. Data processing and analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 27. A total of 160 foliar samples collected from commercial sweet potato fields were analyzed. The dataset was screened using Mahalanobis distance and subsequently classified according to yield performance to identify the reference population used for developing the CND norms. The results allowed the identification of a highyield population consisting of 23 samples with yields equal to or greater than 23.923 t ha⁻¹. Furthermore, the analysis of CND indices and the Plant Response Potential to Fertilization (PRA) revealed that nitrogen (N), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were the main limiting nutrients, showing deficiency conditions. In contrast, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were classified as nutritionally balanced, whereas chlorine (Cl) and boron (B) showed a tendency toward excess. It is concluded that the developed CND norms provide a reliable local nutritional reference for sweet potato diagnosis in Cañete, enabling the identification of nutrient imbalances and supporting more precise, efficient, and sustainable fertilization strategies to improve crop productivity.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a crop of considerable economic and food importance in the province of Cañete; however, variations in productivity highlight the need to improve nutrient management practices. In this context, the present study aimed to establish Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) norms for sweet potato cultivation in Cañete, Lima, through the generation of a foliar database, the development of site-specific nutritional standards, and the assessment of the crop nutritional status. The research followed a quantitative approach, with an applied and descriptive scope under a non-experimental cross-sectional design. Data processing and analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 27. A total of 160 foliar samples collected from commercial sweet potato fields were analyzed. The dataset was screened using Mahalanobis distance and subsequently classified according to yield performance to identify the reference population used for developing the CND norms. The results allowed the identification of a highyield population consisting of 23 samples with yields equal to or greater than 23.923 t ha⁻¹. Furthermore, the analysis of CND indices and the Plant Response Potential to Fertilization (PRA) revealed that nitrogen (N), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were the main limiting nutrients, showing deficiency conditions. In contrast, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were classified as nutritionally balanced, whereas chlorine (Cl) and boron (B) showed a tendency toward excess. It is concluded that the developed CND norms provide a reliable local nutritional reference for sweet potato diagnosis in Cañete, enabling the identification of nutrient imbalances and supporting more precise, efficient, and sustainable fertilization strategies to improve crop productivity.
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Keywords
camote, diagnóstico nutricional composicional, CND, fertilización, nutrición vegetal.
Citation
Vilchez Angulo Maylin Nayeli , “Normas CND para el diagnóstico nutricional del cultivo de camote (Ipomoea batatas L.) en la provincia de Cañete, Lima – Perú” , Tesis para optar el grado de Ingeniero Agronomo, Escuela de pregrado. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cañete. Cañete - Perú